«C'est dix euros par heure de cours non dispensée, a calculé le journal Le Parisien, qui révèle que l'Etat a été condamné cette semaine à verser 1360 euros à une famille parisienne, pour des professeurs absents et non remplacés pendant l'année scolaire 2021-2022. En tout, la fille de Kate, qui se trouvait alors inscrite en 4e au collège Marie-Curie de Paris (XVIIe) a perdu 136 heures de cours sur l'année. Assez donc pour une condamnation de l'Etat français, les magistrats du tribunal administratif de Paris ont jugé que ce jugement «résulte « résulte du volume élevé d'heures de cours non dispensés que Kate a nécessairement accusé un retard dans ses enseignements ». C'est presque 15% du volume d'heures totale de cours sur l'année.»...

«Le tribunal judiciaire de Paris a condamné le laboratoire à verser à cette mère et à ses deux enfants près de 285 000 euros d'indemnités pour «défaut d'information » sur les risques de malformation et neurodéveloppementaux causés par le produit « défectueux » commercialisé par le laboratoire.»...

«Circadian dysfunction is prevalent in neurodevelopmental disorders, particularly in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A plethora of empirical studies demonstrate a strong correlation between ASD and circadian disruption, suggesting that modulation of circadian rhythms and the clocks could yield satisfactory advancements. Research indicates that circadian dysfunction associated with abnormal neurodevelopmental phenotypes in ASD individuals, potentially contribute to synapse plasticity disruption. Therefore, targeting circadian rhythms may emerge as a key therapeutic approach. In this study, we did a brief review of the mammalian circadian clock, and the correlation between the circadian mechanism and the pathology of ASD at multiple levels. In addition, we highlight that circadian is the target or modulator to participate in the therapeutic approaches in the management of ASD, such as phototherapy, melatonin, modulating circadian components, natural compounds, and chronotherapies. A deep understanding of the circadian clock's regulatory role in the neurodevelopmental phenotypes in ASD may inspire novel strategies for improving ASD treatment.»...

«Summary: Researchers have uncovered critical insights into how autism spectrum disorders (ASD) may develop at early stages of brain formation. Using mouse models, the team discovered that environmental factors causing autism-like symptoms are linked to early changes in neurotransmitter activity in the brain.Specifically, they observed that a temporary switch from the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA to the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate in neonatal mice could lead to the development of ASD-like behaviors, such as repetitive actions and reduced social interaction, later in life. By intervening during this early stage and reversing the neurotransmitter switch, the researchers were able to prevent the onset of these behaviors in adulthood.»...

«Summary: Researchers have uncovered critical insights into how autism spectrum disorders (ASD) may develop at early stages of brain formation. Using mouse models, the team discovered that environmental factors causing autism-like symptoms are linked to early changes in neurotransmitter activity in the brain.Specifically, they observed that a temporary switch from the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA to the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate in neonatal mice could lead to the development of ASD-like behaviors, such as repetitive actions and reduced social interaction, later in life. By intervening during this early stage and reversing the neurotransmitter switch, the researchers were able to prevent the onset of these behaviors in adulthood.»...

«Individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) frequently exhibit abnormalities in auditory perception, a phenomenon potentially attributed to alterations in the excitatory and inhibitory cells constituting cortical circuits. However, the exact genetic factors and cell types affected by ASD remain unclear. The present study investigated the balance of excitatory and inhibitory activity in the auditory cortex using BTBR T Itpr3/J (BTBR) mice, a well-established model for autism research. Our investigation unveiled a reduction in parvalbumin-positive (PV) neurons within the AC of BTBR mice. Remarkably, in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies disclosed an elevation in glutamate (Glu) levels alongside a decrement in γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels in this cortical region. Additionally, transcriptomic analysis of the mouse model facilitated the classification of several ASD-associated genes based on their cellular function and pathways. By comparing autism risk genes with RNA transcriptome sequencing data from the ASD mouse model, we identified the recurrent target gene Scn1a and performed validation. Intriguingly, we uncovered the specific expression of Scn1a in cortical inhibitory neurons. These findings hold significant value for understanding the underlying neural mechanisms of abnormal sensory perception in animal models of ASD.»...

«Individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) frequently exhibit abnormalities in auditory perception, a phenomenon potentially attributed to alterations in the excitatory and inhibitory cells constituting cortical circuits. However, the exact genetic factors and cell types affected by ASD remain unclear. The present study investigated the balance of excitatory and inhibitory activity in the auditory cortex using BTBR T Itpr3/J (BTBR) mice, a well-established model for autism research. Our investigation unveiled a reduction in parvalbumin-positive (PV) neurons within the AC of BTBR mice. Remarkably, in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies disclosed an elevation in glutamate (Glu) levels alongside a decrement in γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels in this cortical region. Additionally, transcriptomic analysis of the mouse model facilitated the classification of several ASD-associated genes based on their cellular function and pathways. By comparing autism risk genes with RNA transcriptome sequencing data from the ASD mouse model, we identified the recurrent target gene Scn1a and performed validation. Intriguingly, we uncovered the specific expression of Scn1a in cortical inhibitory neurons. These findings hold significant value for understanding the underlying neural mechanisms of abnormal sensory perception in animal models of ASD.»...

«For the first time the Lindy Lab group has explored the effect of linguistic labelling in autistic children. The results of the study suggest that autistic children do not perceive concepts through language, so they have difficulty inferring that two objects given the same name form a category. In this respect, the need for further research into the relationship between language and concepts in the autistic mind is stressed."The autistic child population does not expect two objects, simply because they merely share a name, to have common properties or are the same type of object. They are not sensitive to categorisation through the language they are being offered," said Agustín Vicente, Ikerbasque Research Professor and researcher in the UPV/EHU's Lindy Lab group. "If the autistic population displays difficulties in deducing that two objects with the same name form a category, they may tend to generate concepts that do not coincide with those of the rest of the children and this may lead to difficulties in communication, among other things," added Vicente.»...

«For the first time the Lindy Lab group has explored the effect of linguistic labelling in autistic children. The results of the study suggest that autistic children do not perceive concepts through language, so they have difficulty inferring that two objects given the same name form a category. In this respect, the need for further research into the relationship between language and concepts in the autistic mind is stressed."The autistic child population does not expect two objects, simply because they merely share a name, to have common properties or are the same type of object. They are not sensitive to categorisation through the language they are being offered," said Agustín Vicente, Ikerbasque Research Professor and researcher in the UPV/EHU's Lindy Lab group. "If the autistic population displays difficulties in deducing that two objects with the same name form a category, they may tend to generate concepts that do not coincide with those of the rest of the children and this may lead to difficulties in communication, among other things," added Vicente.»...

«Fin juin, la Direction générale de la cohésion sociale a envoyé un courrier à tous les conseils départementaux. Elle leur précise que le tarif PCH emploi direct ne prend pas seulement en compte le salaire brut, les congés payés et toutes les cotisations patronales. Elle y liste toutes les autres charges que cette prestation a vocation à couvrir, des majorations de salaire les jours fériés aux indemnités de fin de CDD. Un rappel au droit qui sonne comme une avancée pour les particuliers employeurs.»
[...]
« Une liste des charges à couvrir par la PCH Fin juin, la Direction générale de la cohésion sociale (DGCS) a envoyé un courrier à tous les CD. Elle précise que le tarif PCH ne prend pas seulement en compte le salaire brut, les congés payés et toutes les cotisations patronales. Et y liste toutes les autres charges qu’elle a vocation à couvrir : – les majorations de salaires découlant de la convention collective, notamment pour heures supplémentaires, jours fériés et repos hebdomadaires : – les frais liés à la surveillance médicale des salariés, – la participation aux abonnements de transport public ou de service public de location de vélo, – le supplément de rémunération au titre du temps de conduite du salarié pour les besoins de ses activités professionnelles, – les indemnités kilométriques versées au salarié, – et le versement des indemnités de fin de contrat à durée déterminée. »...

«Fin juin, la Direction générale de la cohésion sociale a envoyé un courrier à tous les conseils départementaux. Elle leur précise que le tarif PCH emploi direct ne prend pas seulement en compte le salaire brut, les congés payés et toutes les cotisations patronales. Elle y liste toutes les autres charges que cette prestation a vocation à couvrir, des majorations de salaire les jours fériés aux indemnités de fin de CDD. Un rappel au droit qui sonne comme une avancée pour les particuliers employeurs.»
[...]
« Une liste des charges à couvrir par la PCH Fin juin, la Direction générale de la cohésion sociale (DGCS) a envoyé un courrier à tous les CD. Elle précise que le tarif PCH ne prend pas seulement en compte le salaire brut, les congés payés et toutes les cotisations patronales. Et y liste toutes les autres charges qu’elle a vocation à couvrir : – les majorations de salaires découlant de la convention collective, notamment pour heures supplémentaires, jours fériés et repos hebdomadaires : – les frais liés à la surveillance médicale des salariés, – la participation aux abonnements de transport public ou de service public de location de vélo, – le supplément de rémunération au titre du temps de conduite du salarié pour les besoins de ses activités professionnelles, – les indemnités kilométriques versées au salarié, – et le versement des indemnités de fin de contrat à durée déterminée. »...

«SALT LAKE CITY Youth mental health is improving, the further away we get from the pandemic.That's according to new research from the Utah Department of Health and Human Services. The number of youth reporting depression is not small. But it is lower than it was the last time they asked.The latest Youth Risk Behavior Survey found that 37% of the respondents reported feeling so sad or hopeless that they changed their usual activities. It was more than 41% when students were surveyed in 2021.Utah officials said the number of teens feeling hopelessness spiked about six months after the pandemic started. They said that timing is consistent with societal trauma.»...

«SALT LAKE CITY Youth mental health is improving, the further away we get from the pandemic.That's according to new research from the Utah Department of Health and Human Services. The number of youth reporting depression is not small. But it is lower than it was the last time they asked.The latest Youth Risk Behavior Survey found that 37% of the respondents reported feeling so sad or hopeless that they changed their usual activities. It was more than 41% when students were surveyed in 2021.Utah officials said the number of teens feeling hopelessness spiked about six months after the pandemic started. They said that timing is consistent with societal trauma.»...

«Abstract In autism spectrum disorder (ASD), atypical sensory experiences are often associated with irregularities in predictive coding, which proposes that the brain creates hierarchical sensory models via a bidirectional process of predictions and prediction errors. However, it remains unclear how these irregularities manifest across different functional hierarchies in the brain. To address this, we study a marmoset model of ASD induced by valproic acid (VPA) treatment. We record high-density electrocorticography (ECoG) during an auditory task with two layers of temporal control, and applied a quantitative model to quantify the integrity of predictive coding across two distinct hierarchies. Our results demonstrate a persistent pattern of sensory hypersensitivity and unstable predictions across two brain hierarchies in VPA-treated animals, and reveal the associated spatio-spectro-temporal neural signatures. Despite the regular occurrence of imprecise predictions in VPA-treated animals, we observe diverse configurations of underestimation or overestimation of sensory regularities within the hierarchies. Our results demonstrate the coexistence of the two primary Bayesian accounts of ASD: overly-precise sensory observations and weak prior beliefs, and offer a potential multi-layered biomarker for ASD, which could enhance our understanding of its diverse symptoms.»...

«Abstract In autism spectrum disorder (ASD), atypical sensory experiences are often associated with irregularities in predictive coding, which proposes that the brain creates hierarchical sensory models via a bidirectional process of predictions and prediction errors. However, it remains unclear how these irregularities manifest across different functional hierarchies in the brain. To address this, we study a marmoset model of ASD induced by valproic acid (VPA) treatment. We record high-density electrocorticography (ECoG) during an auditory task with two layers of temporal control, and applied a quantitative model to quantify the integrity of predictive coding across two distinct hierarchies. Our results demonstrate a persistent pattern of sensory hypersensitivity and unstable predictions across two brain hierarchies in VPA-treated animals, and reveal the associated spatio-spectro-temporal neural signatures. Despite the regular occurrence of imprecise predictions in VPA-treated animals, we observe diverse configurations of underestimation or overestimation of sensory regularities within the hierarchies. Our results demonstrate the coexistence of the two primary Bayesian accounts of ASD: overly-precise sensory observations and weak prior beliefs, and offer a potential multi-layered biomarker for ASD, which could enhance our understanding of its diverse symptoms.»...